Who Needs a Security Guard Licence in Ontario?

In Ontario, anyone working in a security role that involves protecting people or property must hold a valid Security Guard Licence issued by the Ministry of the Solicitor General.

Individuals Who Require a Licence:

• Door supervisors and bouncers working in bars, nightclubs, or event venues
• Mall security officers patrolling public or private shopping centres
• Mobile patrol guards conducting vehicle-based inspections of properties
• Loss prevention officers involved in surveillance and theft prevention
• Security guards at construction sites or residential buildings

These roles require direct interaction with the public and carry responsibilities like monitoring, reporting, and managing incidents. Without a licence, working in these capacities is not only illegal but could result in fines and legal consequences for both the guard and the employer.

Clarifying Exemptions:

Not everyone performing security-related tasks needs to be licensed. The PSISA outlines specific exemptions, including:

• In-house guards employed directly by one employer (e.g., corporate employees monitoring internal facilities or staff-only areas) who don’t provide services to other clients
• Police officers or special constables performing their duties under other legal authority
• Individuals responding to emergencies or acting in good faith to prevent harm without being employed in a security role

Requirements to Become a Licensed Security Guard

To pursue a career as a licensed security guard in Ontario, candidates must meet specific eligibility criteria to ensure they are suitable for the responsibilities the role entails.

Age and Eligibility Criteria

• Minimum Age: Applicants must be at least 18 years old.
• Legal Work Status: Candidates must be legally entitled to work in Canada, which includes Canadian citizens, permanent residents, or individuals with valid work permits. 

Clean Criminal Record

A fundamental requirement for obtaining a security guard licence in Ontario is maintaining a clean criminal record.

• Police Record Check: Applicants are required to undergo a Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check (CRJMC). This check reveals:
  • Criminal convictions without a record suspension
  • Findings of guilt under the Youth Criminal Justice Act
  • Absolute and conditional discharges
  • Outstanding charges, arrest warrants, and certain judicial orders 
• Disqualifying Offences: Certain offences disqualify individuals from obtaining a security guard licence unless a pardon (record suspension) has been granted. Examples include:
  • Fraud over $5,000
  • Theft over $5,000
  • Assault with a weapon
  • Arson
  • Drug trafficking
  • Involvement with a criminal organization
  • Murder 

It’s important to note that not all offences automatically disqualify an applicant. For instance, convictions for theft under $5,000 or common assault may not be disqualifying, but each case is assessed individually by the Registrar. 

Mandatory Security Guard Training in Ontario

Overview of the Ministry-Approved 40-Hour Course

The 40-hour training program is a prerequisite for writing the provincial licensing exam. Upon successful completion, trainees receive a Training Completion Number (TCN), which is required to register for the exam. The course is designed to cover a comprehensive range of topics pertinent to the security industry. 

Topics Covered in the Training Program

The curriculum encompasses the following key areas:

• Legal Authorities and Limitations: Understanding the scope of a security guard’s powers, including relevant sections of the Criminal Code of Canada and the Trespass to Property Act. Emergency Response: Preparing for various emergencies, such as fires, medical incidents, and evacuations, and understanding the appropriate response protocols.
• Use of Force Theory: Learning the principles of the use of force continuum, emphasizing de-escalation techniques and the legal implications of using force.
• Communication and Report Writing: Developing effective communication skills for interacting with the public and law enforcement, and mastering accurate and concise report writing.

Additional topics include:

• Introduction to the Security Industry
• The Private Security and Investigative Services Act (PSISA)
• Basic Security Procedures
• Health and Safety
• Canadian Legal System
• Effective Communications
• Sensitivity Training 

In-Person vs. Online Training Options

Prospective security guards in Ontario have the flexibility to choose between in-person and online training formats:

• In-Person Training: Offers hands-on experience and direct interaction with instructors and peers. This format is beneficial for those who prefer structured learning environments and immediate feedback. 
• Online Training: Provides convenience and flexibility, allowing students to complete the course at their own pace. It’s ideal for individuals balancing other commitments or residing in remote areas.

Working as a Licensed Security Guard in Ontario

Where a Licence Allows You to Work

A valid Ontario Security Guard Licence permits you to work in positions where the primary duty is to protect persons or property. This includes roles such as:

• Security Guard: Patrolling commercial, residential, or public properties.
• Bodyguard/Close Protection: Providing personal security services.
• Bar Security (Bouncer): Ensuring safety in licensed establishments.
• Loss Prevention Employee: Monitoring and preventing theft in retail settings.

It’s important to note that working in these capacities without a valid licence is illegal and can result in penalties for both the individual and the employer.

Employer Responsibilities Under Ontario Law

Employers in the security industry have specific obligations under the Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005 (PSISA). These responsibilities include:

• Ensuring Proper Licensing: Employers must verify that all security personnel hold valid licences before assigning them to duties.
• Uniform Compliance: Employers are responsible for providing uniforms that meet the standards set out in the Uniforms Regulation, including proper identification and the display of the word “SECURITY” or “SECURITY GUARD”.
• Training and Conduct: Employers must ensure that their staff are adequately trained and adhere to the Code of Conduct, which mandates professionalism, integrity, and compliance with all applicable laws.

 Failure to meet these obligations can result in penalties, including fines and the suspension or revocation of the employer’s agency licence.

Wearing Your Licence on Duty

Under the PSISA, licensed security guards are required to carry their licence at all times while on duty. Specifically: 

• Identification: Security guards must present their licence upon request to any member of the public or law enforcement.
• Display: While not always required to wear the licence visibly, guards must have it readily available and produce it when asked.

Consequences of Working without a Licence

Legal Penalties for Individuals and Employers

Under the PSISA, both unlicensed individuals and the businesses that employ them may face enforcement action if found in violation.

For Individuals:

• Operating as a security guard without a valid licence is illegal in Ontario.
• Offenders may be charged and convicted under the PSISA.

For Employers:

• Employers who knowingly hire or deploy unlicensed guards are also in breach of the Act.
• Even if the employer claims ignorance, they can still be held responsible for failing to verify licensing credentials.

Fines and Possible Imprisonment Under the PSISA

The penalties under the PSISA can be severe and are intended to deter non-compliance.

• Individuals convicted of working without a licence may face:
  • Fines of up to $25,000
  • Imprisonment for up to one year
  • Or both fine and imprisonment
• Businesses found guilty of employing unlicensed security staff may face:
  • Fines of up to $250,000
  • Imprisonment for directors or officers for up to one year
  • Or both, depending on the severity of the violation

These consequences are enforced by the Ministry of the Solicitor General, which has the authority to investigate complaints and conduct inspections of security firms operating in Ontario.